To put things another way/explain the RSSI difference, we're gonna need some calculus. Fortunately it's calc 1
RSSI is the integral of signal strength over the entire bandwidth of whatever you're receiving. Signal strength is measured in dBm, which is a logarithmic scale (2x the signal is 3db more, 4x is 6db more, 8x is 9db more, 10x is 10db more, 100x is 20db more). So,, all else equal, a 5MHz wide signal will have 4x (6db) more RSSI than a 1.25MHz wide signal.
As an aside, WCDMA channels are actually 3.84MHz wide, and CDMA 1x/Ev channels are slightly less than 1.25MHz wide if I remember correctly. However that doesn't modify our calculations here too much.
Getting back on topic, this is why RSRP is a better indicator of signal strength for LTE than RSSI; RSRP levels will be lower (because...AJ correct me if I'm wrong...it's the average of integrals over single 15MHz reference subcarriers rather than the integral of all subcarriers in the LTE channel) but you'll get a number that you can do something with without knowing whether your channel width was 1.4MHz, 5MHz or 20MHz.
Getting back to the comparison between WCDMA/HSPA+ and CDMA 1x/EvDO, T-Mobile's high-end (DC-)HSPA+ system uses 64QAM modulation in areas of good signal to pack more bits into each Hz of bandwidth (LTE actually uses that same modulation scheme, but with a few enhancements that I won't cover here). The catch with using a more complex, data-heavy modulation is that you need a significantly "hotter" signal to pass data at that rate without getting tons of errors. It's the same reason the WiFi on your computer drops connection speed (say, from 130 Mbps to 78 Mbps) as you get farther away from your router/access point.
CDMA and EvDO use simpler modulations to transfer their data, so you can get away with a much lower signal on those platforms and still maintain reliable service (hence why a number of rural carriers went with CDMA gear years back, I believe).
As for building penetration, it's harder for a wideband signal to make it through an obstruction intact than for a narrowband signal to do so, particularly if the narrowband transmitter can put the same output power behind that narrow signal as they did on the wide one (increasing RSSI). Particularly if that wideband signal carries a lot of data (high modulation). And, in terms of cell networks, WCDMA is wideband compared to pretty much everything else (remember that LTE is broken into narrow subcarriers).
As for frequency differences increasing or decreasing coverage, T-Mobile now has their HSPA+ network on two bands, depending on where you are: AWS (2100/1700) and PCS (1900). PCS is rarer, though some places are covered pretty well by it. At any rate, the downlink of AWS (tower to phone) is on the higher frequency piece of the spectrum, since the limiting factor for transmit power is your phone and not TMo's base station. This means that you're looking at a WEAKER signal, all else equal, FROM the tower, but a STRONGER signal back TO the tower. That said, T-Mobile's NV-esque recent rollouts (except that they already had heavy-duty backhaul to most of their urban sites) are pushing HSPA+ to PCS, decreasing the propagation difference and removing that difference when comparing them to Sprint.
One last thing: if you're comparing four EvDO carriers (5 MHz of bandwidth) with one HSPA+ carrier (for these purposes 5MHz of bandwidth) the HSPA+ carrier will win, given near-ideal signal conditions...HSPA+ is a much newer tech than EvDO, ans 21 > 12.4 (4 x 3.1). However I have yet to see a single HSPA+ channel net me more than 15 Mbps in real life, and I've seen EvDO hit 2.6 Mbps in the past. So you're really talking about 15 Mbps vs. 10.4 Mbps of capacity. The difference is that you can't get all of that 10.4 Mbps at once (unless your network is set up for EvDO Rev. B, but in the US it isn't). Hence the move to wider channels.
Any more questions?
P.S. If I sound like I'm down on either Sprint or T-Mobile, keep in mind that I'm the reason my entire immediate family's phone use Sprint (Ting for them, Sprint proper for me)...and I have a Nexus 4 running on T-Mobile.