Regardless of your bars, it means absolutely nothing on your notification bar when you are dealing with LTE Data, just like jeremyvbk mentioned in the thread he quoted.
The signal bars really mean nothing in terms of what your speeds will be. you can have 1 bar and still get 10-20mb downlink speeds, even with a low signal by finding the LTE Strength in debug menu, the same applies.
If you wonder why your data speeds differ so often, you have to think of network traffic, its not just about your personal signal to the tower, its what happens after you connect to the tower and how your data gets routed.
Most of your data performance depends on the tower load and the switch its going to. Load balancing network connections in highly congested peak times will be your biggest issue, luckily with LTE we don't notice it much, anything over 5mb down/up is going to feel the same as a 20mb down/up unless you are downloading a file and staring at your percentage progress.
Cable modems and your home internet work the same way essentially...
If a node supports 100 connections, and you do a speedtest with 99 other people doing heavy data, you may only see a few megabytes.. but if there are only 5 people connected you may see a 25mb download. Load balancing is not the same as throttling, every network does load balancing so everyone with network priority can connect, they will do so at a lower speed until the load lightens.
Throttling you hear about happens depending on your carrier/ rate plan. Sprint postpaid devices get top priority for bandwidth, then prepaid, then roaming agreements with other carriers... If you get a Boost Phone you can get LTE data, but if you go over 1gb ( or whichever plan you are on that states it ) then you will be put at the bottom of the totem pole after the 1gb. Tmobile/AT&T will throttle you on any unlimited plan, and Sprint will too but ONLY if you are doing extreme excessive data usage.. ( the person that decides to tether to a torrentbox laptop and go through 100+gb a day in bandwidth will probably get throttled and possibly even cancelled, like the people that would abuse roaming back in the day)